Background and purpose: Acanthamoeba species are ubiquitous amphizoic organisms whichcan cause lethal diseases, such as keratitis and encephalitis in domestic animals and humans. The firststage in studies related to Acanthamoeba is achieving abundant amount of amoebae in culture medium. The aim of this study was to evaluate TYM medium as a rich medium for the diagnosis of Acanthamoebakeratitis in corneal scrapes. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we used one species of Acanthamoeba thatwas previously genotyped. Acanthamoeba was cultured in five plates of non-nutrient agar (NNA)medium with E. coli without TYM and in five plates of non-nutrient agar containing E. coli and TYM. Amoebae growth was observed for 24 to 48 hours by invert microscope. Results: According to current results using TYM medium increased the growth of trophozoites8. 8 folds and amoebas can be isolated form medium after 24 to 48 hours. Conclusion: Due to the significant growth of Acanthamoeba in NNA improved medium, it isrecommended for agglutination and early detection of Acanthamoeba in clinical and environmentalsamples.

Background and aim: Improper dimensional changes in impression materials, including of additional silicone impression materials can cause the failure of prosthetic treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different temperatures on the dimensional stability of polyvinyl siloxane impression material. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 99 Harmony medium (Elsodent-France) additional silicone impression were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. The impressions were kept in the environment with temperatures of 4, 25 and 40 C°. Then with time intervals: one hour, one day and one week after molding, plastering was done. The diameter, width and height of plaster casts were measured by S. D. M digital caliper. Dimensional changes were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA and POST HOC test Results: Changes in the diameter dimension,at the temperature of 25 °C at all times compared to each other and at 40 °C during 1 week compared to 1 hour and 1 day, there were significant differences. Changes in the width dimension,at 4°C, 1 hour compared to 1 day, at 25°C, 1 week compared to 1 hour and 1 day, and at 40°C, 1 hour compared to 1 week had a significant difference. Changes in the height dimension,at 25 °C and 40 °C, there were significant differences between 1 week compared to 1 hour and 1 day (p < 0. 05). Changes at 25 °C in 1 hour, 4 °C in 1 day and 4 °C in 1 week were within the clinical standard range (1. 5%). Conclusion: In the scope of the present study, it seems that the dimensional stability of the investigated additional silicone is influenced by the temperature of the storage environment and the impression time, and the best time and temperature is 1 hour and 25 °C. Keywords: Additional Silicone, Temperature, Time, Dimensional Stability Background and aim: Improper dimensional changes in impression materials, including of additional silicone impression materials can cause the failure of prosthetic treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different temperatures on the dimensional stability of polyvinyl siloxane impression material. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 99 Harmony medium (Elsodent-France) additional silicone impression were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. The impressions were kept in the environment with temperatures of 4, 25 and 40 C°. Then with time intervals: one hour, one day and one week after molding, plastering was done. The diameter, width and height of plaster casts were measured by S. D. M digital caliper. Dimensional changes were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA and POST HOC test Results: Changes in the diameter dimension,at the temperature of 25 °C at all times compared to each other and at 40 °C during 1 week compared to 1 hour and 1 day, there were significant differences. Changes in the width dimension,at 4°C, 1 hour compared to 1 day, at 25°C, 1 week compared to 1 hour and 1 day, and at 40°C, 1 hour compared to 1 week had a significant difference. Changes in the height dimension,at 25 °C and 40 °C, there were significant differences between 1 week compared to 1 hour and 1 day (p < 0. 05). Changes at 25 °C in 1 hour, 4 °C in 1 day and 4 °C in 1 week were within the clinical standard range (1. 5%). Conclusion: In the scope of the present study, it seems that the dimensional stability of the investigated additional silicone is influenced by the temperature of the storage environment and the impression time, and the best time and temperature is 1 hour and 25 °C. Keywords: Additional Silicone, Temperature, Time, Dimensional Stability Background and aim: Improper dimensional changes in impression materials, including of additional silicone impression materials can cause the failure of prosthetic treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different temperatures on the dimensional stability of polyvinyl siloxane impression material. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 99 Harmony medium (Elsodent-France) additional silicone impression were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. The impressions were kept in the environment with temperatures of 4, 25 and 40 C°. Then with time intervals: one hour, one day and one week after molding, plastering was done. The diameter, width and height of plaster casts were measured by S. D. M digital caliper. Dimensional changes were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA and POST HOC test Results: Changes in the diameter dimension,at the temperature of 25 °C at all times compared to each other and at 40 °C during 1 week compared to 1 hour and 1 day, there were significant differences. Changes in the width dimension,at 4°C, 1 hour compared to 1 day, at 25°C, 1 week compared to 1 hour and 1 day, and at 40°C, 1 hour compared to 1 week had a significant difference. Changes in the height dimension,at 25 °C and 40 °C, there were significant differences between 1 week compared to 1 hour and 1 day (p < 0. 05). Changes at 25 °C in 1 hour, 4 °C in 1 day and 4 °C in 1 week were within the clinical standard range (1. 5%). Conclusion: In the scope of the present study, it seems that the dimensional stability of the investigated additional silicone is influenced by the temperature of the storage environment and the impression time, and the best time and temperature is 1 hour and 25 °C.

Background and purpose: Several laboratories have developed culture systems including maturation factors for human DC from peripheral blood monocytes. We comprehensively studied the effect of addition of poly (I-C) to standard maturation stimulus, MCM and TNF-a on maturation of monocyte derived DCs and their ability to elicit T cell responses.Materials and methods: A short (4-day) priming of plastic adherent monocytes with granulocytemacrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) followed by allogenic tumor antigen pulsing and addition of MCM and TNF-a with or without poly (I-C) to generate fully mature and stable DCs. Phenotypic and functional analysis were carried out using anti CD14, HLA-DR and CD83 monoclonal antibodies, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), phagocytic activity and cytokine release by DC stimulated T lymphocytes.Results: We found that fully matured DCs with large amount cytoplasm and copious dendritic projections were visible at the end of culturing period in the presence of MCM and TNF-a with or without rpoly (I-C). Flow cytometric analysis using anti-CD14, HLA-DR and CD83 revealed that addition of poly (I-C) to conventional maturation factors results in decreased expression of CD14 and increased expression of HLA-DR and CD83. Functionally, MCM and TNF-a with poly (I-C) treated DCs showed a little stronger mixed leukocyte reaction Analysis of phagocytic activity showed that addition of poly (I-C) reduced FITC-conjugated bead uptake and increased mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of phagocytic DCs. Furthermore our results revealed that additional treatment of DCs with poly (I-C) results in reduction of IL-12: IL-10 and IFN-γ: IL-4 ratios in DC and DC-primed T cell supernatants respectively.Conclusion: Our results support this idea that use of the MCM, TNF-a and poly (I-C) as maturation factor could gnerates more mature monocyte derived DCs that prime T lymphocytes to TH2 type cytokine release.

ABSTRACT Considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understanding of the factors affecting the quality of life. Therefore, according to the size of the city, different indicators should be considered to measure the quality of life. Thus, according to the main goal of the research, which is to recognize, identify and compile the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale, Qazvin and Zia Abad cities in Qazvin province were selected as study samples. In order to achieve the goal of the research, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis were exerted. The findings show that the homogenization of the indicators affecting the quality of life in all cities is incorrect. Some concepts, such as the size of the city, are effective in compiling and selecting the indicators affecting the quality of life. So, the indicators affecting the quality of life in each city can be different according to some concepts, such as the city's characteristics or the city's size. Examining study samples also shows that in small cities, social indicators are more important due to strong social solidarity among people and the high importance of social and cultural concepts. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the Quality of life indicators are different in all cities Extended Abstract Introduction Quality of life is a multifaceted and dynamic concept that can be different from city to city and region to region and can be defined by various indicators. Not paying attention to this issue and considering the concept of quality of life equally in all cities has caused the level of quality of life to decrease in many cities, especially middle and small cities, in recent years. On the other hand, considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understanding of the factors affecting the quality of life. Following this, the main goal of this research is to identify, identify and compile effective factors for improving the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale. In order to achieve this goal, the cities of Qazvin and Zia Abad in Qazvin province were selected as study samples, so that according to the size of the city, in order to achieve the goal of the research, the factors affecting the quality of life are analyzed on an intra-provincial scale.   Methodology The research method is applied research based on quantitative methods. In line with data analysis, after extracting 60 indicators of quality of life, first, the indicators were separated into separate and structured factors using the exploratory factor analysis method in SPSS software. And then, step by step regression method was used to measure the effective factors in improving the quality of life in cities.   Results and discussion The research findings show that based on exploratory factor analysis, 16 factors were extracted in Zia Abad city and 15 factors in Qazvin city as effective factors on the quality of life in small and middle cities. In order to present and explain the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in small and middle cities, the factors extracted from the factor analysis were analyzed by multivariate regression method and step-by-step method. Furthermore, finally, (13) factors were introduced in Zia   Abad and (13) factors in Qazvin as the main factors influencing the quality of life. The analysis of the findings indicates that in Zia Abad, factors such as life expectancy and social relations, security, the state of urban services and access to urban facilities, living expenses, the state of urban furniture, urban traffic, the state of offices and housing have more effects in explaining and improving the quality of life. In Qazvin, factors such as the state of urban services, the state of green and public spaces in the city, the state of security and economic opportunities in the city, the density and hope of urban, economic, and cultural life, the state of roads and leisure in the city are effective in explaining the quality of life. Following this, according to the above findings, quality of life is a multidimensional and dynamic concept that directly relates to the type of cities and the specific characteristics of cities. Therefore, the quality of life and its indicators can differ from city to city; because every city has its characteristics and characteristics with citizens with different cultures and thinking, which causes the factors affecting the quality of life to be different. Therefore, considering the quality of life and its indicators to be the same in all cities is wrong, which can lead to the decline of the quality of life and the failure of quality of life improvement programs.   Conclusion Finally, the research results indicate that quality of life is a simple concept covering various urban life aspects. This concept can be defined as a determining factor in the excellence and progress of cities and residents' satisfaction with their urban life. It is multifaceted and dependent on place and time. As a result, the perception of people in different cities and communities about the concept of quality of life and the factors affecting it can be different. Following this, factors and indicators should be selected according to the characteristics and conditions of that city in urban planning to improve the quality of life for each city. Thus, this research, using the classification of cities based on the size of the city, has presented factors specifically for middle and small cities, which in small cities due to strong social solidarity among people and the great importance of social and cultural concepts, social indicators are more important. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the quality of life indicators are different in all cities.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Many cellular changes have been reported to play a role in the aging process of oocyte; however, few studies have been performed on the appropriate time and temperature for the storage. The main problem is the distance and time available for the transfer of oocytes to the laboratory, and protection of immature oocytes without reducing their ability to fertilize in vitro is very critical. The aim of this study was to compare the Embryo Holding (EH-Syngro) and HTCM-199 medium to store immature oocytes at room temperature without incubation. A total of 5268 oocytes were tested. The oocytes were stored at three temperature degrees including 4, 22 and 38 ° C for 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours.  After spending the storage time, they were entered to the standard maturation environment and finally IVF was performed.There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups  in terms of blastocyst production  at storage of 6h. At 12 hours, oocyte maturation and blastocyst production in all groups were significantly lower than that of the standard group. EHT and HTCM-199 medium in our experiment showed that they can be useful for storing immature oocyte for up to 6 hours at room temperature and have no adverse effect on maturation of oocyte and blastocyst production, and most importantly do not need an incubator to transport the oocytes to the laboratory.

Background and purpose: Saponaria officinalis is a plant from the caryophyllaceae family and there are some contradictory reports about its antimicrobial effects. Metronidazole is commonly used in treatment of trichomoniasis but it has several side effects. On the other hand, finding an alternative drug from natural sources is very important. This study aimed at evaluating the hydroalcoholic extract of Saponaria officinalis leaf plant on the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro.Materials and methods: The plant was approved in herbarium and hydro-alcoholic extracts were prepared. The experiment was done using 24 wells cell culture plate. In each well, 200 microliter of TYM culture medium and 200 microliter of different concentrations of plant extract was added. Also metronidazole was added to positive control well. Then 100 ml TYM were added to all wells containing 500,000 parasites and the plates were incubated at 37oC. The experiment was performed as double blind and triplicate. The mean number of the parasites in different concentrations and times and effect of the extract were recorded.Results: The number of parasites in 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 micrograms per ml of the extract, during 24, 48, and 72 hr increased compared to the negative controls, while no growth of parasite was observed in positive controls (containing Metronidazole).Conclusion: Saponaria officinalis leaf extract caused growth stimulation and increased the number of Trichomonas vaginalis, therefore, it could be used for mass cultivation of the parasite in vitro. However, further investigations are needed in future.

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan pathogen of the human genitourinary tract, which is the cause of trichomoniasis. The disease is one of the most important non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the world. Many studies have been performed on the molecular identification of Trichomonas in men in different parts of the world, but in Iran, such a study has been very limited. We aimed to detect T. vaginalis in urine of men with unusual sexual behavior by wet mount microscopic observation, culturing in TYM-33 and molecular method in Tehran, Iran. Methods: Totally, 47 urine samples were collected from men with high-risk sexual behaviors referred to Health Care Centers in South of Tehran, Iran during 2017-2018. After urine centrifugation and wet mount sediment preparation, the samples were cultured in TYM-33 medium and examined microscopically. Then DNA was extracted from urine sediment samples and finally the 18srRNA gene was amplified by PCR. Results: Thirty-one (65. 95%) urine samples were positive for T. vaginalis by PCR. Of these, only 6 (12. 76%) were detected positive by wet mount method and 25 (53. 19%) by culture and successive passages. Conclusion: The high prevalence of trichomoniasis among men with high-risk sexual behavior in Tehran indicates a potent health risk condition for families. Of course, this percentage is not the real infection rate in ordinary men in Tehran. This situation could be controlled by promoting concurrent diagnosis and treatment of T. vaginalis infection in men and women, as well as strengthening religious beliefs and health education in the individuals.